Dr R. Vanlalpeka, Dr. Lalrotluanga, Prof John Zothanzama & Prof N. Senthil Kumar
Nestled in the tranquil surroundings of Aizawl, Mizoram, the Natural History Museum & Research Centre at Mizoram University is a tribute to the state’s abundant biodiversity. Opened for the public in 2022, this museum has quickly become a popular destination for nature enthusiasts, students, and researchers, offering a fascinating glimpse into the natural world within a relatively modest space. The Natural History Museum and Research Centre is more than a repository of the wonders of nature; it is a beacon of scientific discovery and a testament to humanity’s enduring curiosity about the world around us. From its humble beginning as a modest research project funded by DBT, housed in a small space, the Museum has evolved into a hub of knowledge and innovation.
A Humble Beginning
The early years were marked by challenges, with less funds, fewer resources, and an even smaller team of researchers. Nevertheless, the founders laid the foundation that eventually became the well-known Centre in the State. Collections, cataloging, and studying specimens provided valuable data, setting the stage for the momentous discoveries for years to come.
A Glimpse into Mizoram’s Natural Diversity
The Natural History Museum Mizoram was established with a mission to educate, conserve, and inspire. It houses a collection of specimens that showcase the region’s incredible biodiversity. From exotic flora and fauna, the museum’s exhibits celebrate the state’s unique ecological tapestry.
Moths and Butterflies: Silent Guardians of the Ecosystem
The museum’s lepidopteran collection is a vibrant display of the region’s moth and butterfly species. Among the prominent moth species cataloged are Antheraea frithi, Actias selene, and the spectacular Attacus atlas, one of the largest lepidopterans. The butterfly collection includes Tirumala septentrionis, Danaus genutia, Polyura eudamippus, etc. whose vivid patterns add a splash of color to Mizoram’s forests. These insects play crucial roles as pollinators and indicators of ecosystem health.
Snakes: Guardians of Balance
The museum also houses an impressive array of snake species, such as Ahaetulla prasina, Lycodon fasciatus and the newly discovered Smithophis mizoramensis and Scolitzia vanhnuailianai. These serpents are essential for controlling pest populations, maintaining ecological balance, and contributing to the overall health of Mizoram’s ecosystems.
Lizards and Amphibians Diversity
Reptiles and amphibians represent another vital component of the museum’s collection. Among the reptiles are lizards such as Takydromus khasiensis, Calotes giessleri, Ptyctolaemus gularis, Cyrtodactylus aaronbaueri, etc. Complementing these are the vibrant amphibians, including Rohanixalus senapatiensis, Duttaphrynus chandai, Chirixalus doriae, Nasutixalus jerdonii, Zhangixalus suffry etc, and the newly discovered salamander species Tylototriton zaimeng.
Together, these species underscore the herpetological diversity and ecological significance of Mizoram’s forests and its adjoining region of North Eastern India.
Fish Diversity
Mizoram’s freshwater ecosystems are home to unique ichthyofauna. Among the specimens on display are Semiplotus modestus, a noteworthy species representing the pristine river systems of Mizoram. Mastacembelus armatus, Garra rakhinica, Glossogobius giuris and Hara koladynensis, an endemic species, emphasizing the uniqueness of Mizoram’s aquatic habitats.
Beetle Biodiversity
The museum’s entomology section highlights the variety of beetles found in Mizoram. The key specimens include- Xylorhiza adusta, a striking longhorn beetle. Coptops leucostictica, Lesticus nubilus, Sternocera ruficornis, and Plectrosternus rufus highlight the diversity in beetle morphology and adaptation. Prionomma atratum, a unique species with ecological significance, and Prosopocoilus astacoides blanchardi, a stag beetle species, are captivating for their impressive mandibles.
Turtle and Tortoise Diversity
Mizoram’s forests and wetlands provide habitats for a variety of chelonian species. Notable specimens include Indotestudo elongate, the elongated tortoise, a species of conservation concern. Cyclemys gemeli and Cuora mouhotii represent the semi-aquatic species of the region. Amyda ornata jongli, a soft-shell turtle with unique ecological roles, and Pangshura sylhetensis, an endangered species, underscore the need for conservation efforts.
Flora: The Foundation of Biodiversity
The museum’s botanical collection includes a vast array of plant species, such as Melastoma nepalensis, Albizzia procera, Lagerstroemia speciosa, etc. These plants are integral to Mizoram’s ecosystems, offering shelter, food, and oxygen. Some plants, like Bulbophyllum gopalianum, represent unique discoveries that underscore the importance of continued botanical exploration in the region.
The museum is also home to several newly identified species, placing Mizoram on the global biodiversity map. The highlights include:
Smithophis mizoramensis: A newly described snake species from Mizoram in the year 2024 Cyrtodactylus vairengtensis: A gecko unique to Mizoram described in the year 2023
Gekko mizoramensis: A gecko unique to Mizoram described in the year 2023
Tylototriton zaimeng: A salamander found in the State of Manipur and described in the year 2023, reflects the NE region’s amphibian diversity.
Scolitzia vanhnuailianai: A newly described snake species from Mizoram in the year 2021
Leptobrachella tamdil: A lizard found in Mizoram and described in the year 2010
Hara koladynensis: A fish found in the river of Mizoram and described in the year 2009
Bulbophyllum gopalianum: A new and rare orchid species described in the year 2024 from Mizoram shows the richness of Mizoram Biodiversity.
Additionally, Sinomicrurus gorei, the second coral snake species identified in Northeast India, has been preserved, showcasing the museum’s role in documenting rare and endangered species.
Geology and Fossils: A Journey through Time
Mizoram’s unique geological history is another key feature of the museum. Exhibits on fossilized rocks tell a story of how this picturesque state evolved over millions of years. Fossils of marine life discovered in the region serve as reminders that Mizoram was once submerged under a vast ancient sea. For geology enthusiasts, the museum provides a rare opportunity to explore this fascinating aspect of Mizoram’s past.
Educational and Conservation Efforts
The Natural History Museum Mizoram is not just a space for passive observation; it plays a pivotal role in educating the public about the importance of preserving the natural world. Through seminars, workshops, and interactive sessions, the museum inspires visitors, especially students to take an active interest in environmental conservation. Its role as a hub for scientific research ensures that it remains a vital institution for the region.
Conclusion
As we navigate an era of rapid environmental and societal changes, institutions like the Natural History Museum and Research Center play a critical role in shaping a sustainable and informed future. Its plans for the future promise to push the boundaries of knowledge and inspire generations to come. The museum stands as a beacon of hope and discovery, inviting us to explore, understand, and protect the world we share. Celebrating the diversity of life and fostering a deeper connection with nature, the museum ensures that Mizoram’s natural heritage continues to thrive for generations to come.
